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俄罗斯航空航天运输公司用喷气式燃料污染土壤
I N Semenkov1, T V Koroleva1, S A Lednev1
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
The Science of the total environment
|March 18, 2025
概括
俄罗斯机场附近的喷气燃料对土壤的污染是最小的. 然而,哈萨克斯坦的火箭碎片造成了严重的土壤污染,生态系统可能在几年内恢复. 建议为Aridisols提供一个触发值.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 航空和太空运输对生态系统产生影响,但喷气燃料对土壤的污染仍未得到充分研究.
- 评估机场和火箭碎片遗址附近的土壤污染对于环境风险评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化俄罗斯机场和哈萨克斯坦火箭碎片遗址附近的喷气式燃料和总石油碳化合物的土壤污染水平.
- 评估飞机燃料土壤污染对环境的影响和恢复潜力.
主要方法:
- 从俄罗斯中部的7个长期机场和哈萨克斯坦的230个联盟号发射车残骸地点收集了土壤样本.
- 喷气式燃料和总石油碳化合物度的测量使用计和染色学质谱法进行.
主要成果:
- 在俄罗斯机场的土壤样本中没有检测到喷气式燃料 (低于0.1g/kg).
- 哈萨克斯坦索尤兹火箭阶段的推进剂泄露显示了高水平的喷气式燃料 (高达128g/kg) 和总石油碳化合物 (高达57g/kg).
- 在泄漏数月后,在奥斯塔菲耶沃机场观察到严重的污染 (190 g/kg喷气燃料),在索尤兹飞船阶段事故发生一天后,发现了1.6 g/kg的总石油碳化合物.
结论:
- 俄罗斯机场附近的飞机燃料土壤污染是可以忽略不计的.
- 哈萨克斯坦的火箭碎片现场表现出大量的喷气燃料和石油碳化合物污染.
- 生态系统显示出在几年内对喷气式燃料进行补救的能力;建议阿里迪索尔的触发值为0.26g/kg总石油碳化合物.
- 分析方法的选择 (测与色谱-质谱) 影响石油碳化合物的总结果.
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