基于DSM-5的自闭症诊断面试算法 - - 针对4-17岁儿童进行修订
Linnea A Lampinen1, Shuting Zheng2, Lindsay Olson3
1Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
概括
基于DSM-5标准的新自闭症诊断面试,修订 (ADI-R) 算法显示,在4至17岁的儿童中诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特异性有所提高,特别是那些没有语法语言的儿童.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症诊断面试,修订 (ADI-R) 是诊断自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的关键工具.
- 现有的ADI-R算法基于DSM-IV标准,DSM-5特定的算法仅适用于幼儿.
- 大规模验证ADI-R算法的灵敏度和特异性是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 为4-17岁儿童开发和验证基于DSM-5的ADI-R算法.
- 将这些新算法的诊断性能与临床诊断和原始DSM-IV算法进行比较.
- 评估具有和没有语句演讲的个体的算法性能.
主要方法:
- 利用来自临床研究数据库的2,905名参与者的数据 (2,144名患有ASD,761名非ASD).
- 选择的ADI-R项目区分ASD与非ASD病例用于DSM-5算法开发.
- 采用确认因素分析和ROC曲线分析来评估算法适应性和诊断准确性.
主要成果:
- 基于DSM-5的修订后的ADI-R算法证明了足够的适应性.
- 修订后的算法的灵敏度在77%至99%之间,特异性在71%至92%之间.
- 经过修订的算法显示了与原始DSM-IV算法相比的可比或更好的性能,特别是对于没有短语演讲的个体的特异性.
结论:
- 原始的ADI-R算法具有足够的诊断有效性,但在非短语语音用户中具有较低的特异性.
- 新开发的基于DSM-5的ADI-R算法提供了具有增强特异性的可比性能,特别适用于非短语语音用户.
- 这些修订的算法提供了一个DSM-5兼容的方法来总结ASD症状.
关键词:
在 ADI-R 中,您可以使用 ADI-R.自闭症 自闭症 自闭症自闭症谱系障碍 自闭症谱系障碍诊断 诊断 诊断 诊断 诊断 诊断诊断仪器 诊断仪器 诊断仪器灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度特殊性的特异性更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
35
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
35
Autism Spectrum Disorder
53
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
53
Modeling in Therapy
39
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
39
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
22
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
22
Intellectual Disability
34
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
34
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
34
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
34


