使用机器学习模型与护理数据预测高风险出院患者的再入院:回顾性研究
Eui Geum Oh1,2,3, Sunyoung Oh4, Seunghyeon Cho5
1College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR medical informatics
|March 19, 2025
概括
使用护理数据的机器学习模型可以预测未计划的患者再入院. CatBoost模型获得了最高的准确性 (AUROC 0.64),识别了BMI,血压和年龄作为更好的出院规划的关键风险因素.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 非计划性入院增加医疗费用,降低医疗质量.
- 从入院开始主动规划出院对于降低再入院风险至关重要.
- 机器学习模型为预防性出院护理提供了增强的预测能力.
研究的目的:
- 利用高风险患者的护理数据开发早期再接收预测模型.
- 为了比较各种机器学习算法的性能,用于重新接收预测.
主要方法:
- 对12977名患有高风险再入院疾病的患者进行了回顾性研究 (2018年1月至2020年1月).
- 利用人口,临床和护理数据构建两个预测模型:模型1 (早期数据) 和模型2 (所有数据).
- 采用后勤回归,随机森林,决策树,XGBoost,CatBoost和多感知器层算法,具有5倍交叉验证和自适应合成采样.
主要成果:
- 模型2中的CatBoost模型实现了最高的预测性能,AUROC为0.64.
- 模型1中的随机森林模型 (早期预测) 的AUROC为0.62.
- 关键预测因素包括BMI,静脉压和年龄;在早期预测模型中,护理数据变量更为突出.
结论:
- 结合护理数据的机器学习模型为管理高风险出院患者的临床决策提供了必要的支持.
- 这些模型通过提供全面的风险评估来促进早期干预.
- 整合多样化的护理数据可以改善患者的治疗结果,并降低再接收率.
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