来自Halaelurus汉堡皮的天然肝类物质:胰岛素抵抗的结构和调节
Yishu Liu1, Shiwei Hu1, Peijie Zhang1
1National Engineering Research Center for Maine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|March 19, 2025
概括
来自Halaelurus burgeri (Hep-hb) 的一种新型肝类药物显示有望改善胰岛素耐药性. 这种葡萄糖氨基酸可增强脂质代谢和肠道微生物群的多样性,为预防高血糖症提供功能性食物的潜力.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 葡萄糖氨基甘氨酸 (GAG) 越来越多地被认为对控制胰岛素耐药性的作用.
- 一种新型的肝类药物Hep-hb从Halaelurus burgeri的皮肤中分离出来.
研究的目的:
- 描述胰岛素耐药小鼠中的Hep-hb的结构和治疗机制.
- 评估Hep-hb作为天然功能性食物对高血糖和胰岛素抵抗的疗效.
主要方法:
- 从Halaelurus burgeri的皮肤中分离和净化Hep-hb.
- 使用FT-IR,GC-MS和NMR进行结构性表征.
- 在体内评估Hep-hb对胰岛素耐药性,脂质代谢和肠道微生物群的影响,对小鼠进行高脂肪饮食.
主要成果:
- 在结构上阐明了Hep-hb,一个分子量为258.817 kDa的肝类化合物.
- 口服Hep-hb通过增强热生成改善了脂质代谢,并抑制了对胰岛素抵抗性小鼠的体重增加.
- 肝炎治疗增加了肠道微生物的多样性,促进了诸如 Bacteroides 和 Lactobacillus 这样的有益细菌,同时减少了有害物种.
结论:
- -hb在抗击高血糖和胰岛素抵抗方面显示出显著的治疗潜力.
- 该化合物的有益作用与改善脂质代谢和肠道微生物群的调节有关.
- 肝-hb是开发为天然功能性食品成分的有希望的候选者.
相关概念视频
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
1.1K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.1K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.0K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.0K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation
329
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
329
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.0K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.0K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
585
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
585
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
280
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
280


