使用机器学习算法预测巴西孕妇低出生体重风险:来自Araraquara队列研究的数据
Audêncio Victor1,2, Francielly Almeida3, Sancho Pedro Xavier4
1School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Saúde Pública- USP Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715 - São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246904, Brazil. audenciovictor@gmail.com.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth
|March 20, 2025
概括
机器学习模型有效地预测低出生体重 (LBW),XGBoost表现出最佳表现. 早期识别高风险怀孕可以通过及时干预来改善围产期的结果.
科学领域:
- 围产期健康 围产期健康
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 低出生体重 (LBW) 是新生儿发病率和死亡率的一个重要风险因素.
- 及时干预对于减轻与LBW相关的不良结果至关重要.
- 准确预测LBW对于积极的医疗保健策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估用于预测LBW的机器学习 (ML) 模型.
- 为了比较随机森林,XGBoost,CatBoost和LightGBM算法的性能.
- 为了确定临床应用的LBW的关键预测因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了1579名怀孕妇女在阿拉库拉拉群组研究中的数据.
- 采用了随机森林,XGBoost,CatBoost和LightGBM算法,具有80/20列车测试分割和10倍交叉验证.
- 应用合成少数群体过量采样技术 (SMOTE) 用于类不平衡和使用AUROC,F1得分和精度回忆指标评估性能.
主要成果:
- 这四种ML模型都实现了高性能,XGBoost,CatBoost和Random Forest的AUROC为0.94.
- 母亲的妊娠年龄,婚姻状况和产前护理频率被确定为关键预测因素.
- 沙普利价值分析证实了已识别的预测因素的临床相关性,包括行为因素.
结论:
- 机器学习模型,特别是XGBoost,在与SMOTE结合时有效预测LBW.
- 开发的模型为识别高风险怀孕提供了有价值的工具.
- 早期识别有助于及时进行干预,并有可能改善围产期的结果.
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