长期PM与心血管疾病发病率之间的区域差异,以及差异的潜在决定因素
1Environmental Health Research Department National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea.
GeoHealth
|March 20, 2025
概括
长期暴露于颗粒物 (PM) 空气污染显示,韩国各地区心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险各不相同. 城市地区面临更高的风险,受到城市化和排放源的影响,突出了针对性干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境流行病学环境流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心血管研究研究心血管研究
背景情况:
- 短期空气污染研究显示,不利影响的区域差异.
- 关于颗粒物 (PM) 和心血管疾病 (CVD) 发病率的长期研究缺乏足够的证据来证明空间变化.
- 了解PM暴露和心血管疾病风险的区域差异对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查韩国各地区长期 PM 暴露与心血管疾病发病率之间的空间变化.
- 确定与空气污染对健康的影响不同相关的区域特征.
- 为有针对性的干预提供指导,以减轻空气污染对健康的不利影响.
主要方法:
- 利用来自国家医疗保险服务-国家样本队列的155,017名在韩国16个地区居住超过13年的成年人的数据.
- 评估个人长期PM暴露 (5年平均度) 使用经过验证的暴露预测模型在地区层面.
- 应用了依赖时间的考克斯比例危险模型,以估计每10μg/m3增加PM10和PM2.5的心血管疾病发病率的区域特定危险比 (HRs),并根据个体特征进行调整.
- 与13个类别的80个区域属性相关联的特定区域的HR,以确定有影响力的区域特征.
主要成果:
- 在16个地区观察到与PM暴露相关的心脏病发病率HRs的大小和方向的显著空间变化.
- 对于PM10和PM2.5的危险比率在主要城市地区较高,在农村地区较低.
- 城市化和排放源与整体心血管疾病发病率的HR有显著的相关性.
结论:
- 区域特征显著影响长期暴露在PM和心血管疾病发病率之间的关联.
- 较高的颗粒物暴露风险集中在城市地区,与城市化和排放源有关.
- 研究结果支持制定有针对性的公共卫生战略,解决特定的区域属性,以减轻空气污染对健康的负担.
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