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自主导转型和创造性想法搜索:适应性地选择灵活性,而不是坚持分歧和融合的思维任务
1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota S247 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Royal Society open science
|March 20, 2025
概括
个体在认知控制方面表现出一致的灵活性或持久性. 这种适应性是由任务需求调节的,平衡探索和利用以创造性解决问题.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 创造力研究 创意研究
背景情况:
- 认知控制中的适应性对于导航复杂的任务和实现目标至关重要.
- 了解灵活性与持久性的个体差异是解释适应性行为的关键.
- 在各种任务中量化认知控制中的特征性倾向仍然是一个挑战.
研究的目的:
- 研究认知控制中的灵活性和持久性的个体内一致性和任务依赖的调制.
- 检查这些趋势与创造性解决问题的关系,特别是分歧和融合的想法产生.
- 为测量这些特征引入和验证自导转型范式.
主要方法:
- 利用自导转换模式,允许参与者自主选择任务参与 (继续,切换,返回).
- 评估了参与者在解决问题任务中的灵活性 (切换) 与持久性 (停留) 的倾向.
- 分析了转移/停留行为与不同思维任务中的想法生成量/原创性之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在灵活性或持久性的偏好方面表现出显著的个人内一致性.
- 根据任务需求 (分歧与收思维) 发现了这些趋势的适应性调节.
- 移动和停留的行为都与在不同的任务中增强的想法产生 (数量和原创性) 有关.
结论:
- 认知控制适应性既表现出稳定的个人倾向,也表现出灵活的,根据任务进行的调整.
- 探索 (灵活性) 和利用 (坚持) 的平衡对于优化创意产出至关重要.
- 自主导转型模式为研究认知控制适应性的个体差异提供了有价值的工具.
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