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3-5岁的普通话听障儿童的语言和执行功能

Yuchen Pan¹, Yongtao Xiao²

¹School of Chinese Language and Culture, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Journal of deaf studies and deaf education

|March 20, 2025

概括

这项研究发现,聋子和听力障碍 (DHH) 儿童在口语和执行功能 (EF) 中存在挑战. 听觉工作记忆 (WM) 和年龄对他们的语言发展产生积极影响.

科学领域:

儿科听力学儿科听力学
发展心理学发展心理学
语音语言病理学语言病理学

背景情况:

语言前聋和听力障碍 (DHH) 儿童在口语语言发展方面经常面临挑战.
执行功能 (EF) 是关键的认知技能,可能会影响语言学习.
了解EF,人口因素和DDH儿童的口语之间的相互作用对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查3-5岁的前语言DDH儿童的口语和执行功能 (EF) 特性.
评估人口学变量和EF对DHH儿童口语技能的影响.
为了比较DHH儿童的口语能力与典型的发育水平.

主要方法:

招募了48名DHH儿童和48名典型发育的儿童,使用听觉-口语沟通.
管理的执行功能 (EF) 测试评估听觉工作记忆 (WM),抑制控制和认知灵活性.
利用学前儿童的汉语临床语言评估 (MCELP) 来评估DHH儿童的各种口语语言领域.

主要成果:

与典型同龄人相比,DHH儿童在多个口语领域和EF组件中表现出显著的缺陷.
DHH儿童的口语语言技能随着年龄的增长而有所改善,但相当多的儿童没有达到典型的发育里程碑.
口语能力与年龄和EF正相关,与辅助听力值负相关,听觉WM是显著的预测因素.

结论:

DHH儿童表现出独特的口语和EF概况,需要专门的支持.
早期识别和干预侧重于听觉工作记忆和整体EF可能会提高DHH儿童的口语结果.
纵向监测对于跟踪语言发展和确保DHH儿童达到适合年龄的里程碑至关重要.

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