确定从苏格兰奶牛群的第一次挤奶乳酪中乳酪污染的关键控制点
Alexandra Haggerty1, Emily Silva1, Tracy Anderson1
1School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1QH, UK.
Preventive veterinary medicine
|March 20, 2025
概括
通过确定关键控制点,尽量减少苏格兰奶牛群的乳房污染. 储存和养设备中的高细菌数量降低了乳酪质量和小牛的被动免疫转移.
科学领域:
- 兽医免疫学 兽医免疫学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 食品安全 食品安全
背景情况:
- 大奶粉的细菌污染会影响小牛的被动免疫转移.
- 高细菌计数 (≥100,000 CFU/ml TBC,≥10,000 CFU/ml TCC) 会降低胆乳质量和IgG的吸收.
- 大奶粉中的致病细菌可以在新生小牛中引起疾病.
研究的目的:
- 确定关键控制点,以尽量减少苏格兰奶牛群中的乳酪污染.
- 确定与乳酪中高细菌污染相关的农场风险因素.
- 根据细菌数量,评估胆乳质量和IgG度 (Brix %).
主要方法:
- 从11个苏格兰奶牛场收集的乳母样本,这些样本是在收获,储存和养点收集的.
- 通过总细菌计数 (TBC) 和总大肠杆菌计数 (TCC) 评估的细菌污染.
- 以Brix% (总固体/IgG度) 衡量乳酪质量;农民问卷详细管理实践.
主要成果:
- 来自储存桶 (TBC: 101,000 CFU/ml,TCC: 12,000 CFU/ml) 和料器 (TBC: 410,000 CFU/ml,TCC: 40,000 CFU/ml) 的母乳与乳头样本 (TBC: 4000 CFU/ml,TCC: 1850 CFU/ml) 相比,污染程度明显更高.
- 污染的危险因素包括多个桶,较小的储存容器,冷和湿擦乳头清洁.
- 样本来源之间Brix%并没有显著差异,但随着分娩到收获的时间越长,它就会下降.
结论:
- 大奶粉污染显著增加了母乳奶后,突出收获和储存作为关键的控制点.
- 特定的农场管理实践,包括乳头清洁和储存方法,与细菌负载有关.
- 优化胆乳处理方案对于确保足够的被动免疫转移和小牛健康至关重要.
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