从自闭症到复数"自闭症":来自不同病因,发育轨迹和症状强度组合的证据
Paul Whiteley1, Kevin Carr1, Paul Shattock2
1ESPA Research, Sunderland, UK.
概括
自闭症谱系障碍呈现异质. 根据各种原因,表现强度和发展轨迹,将定义扩展到"自闭症"可以改善研究和实践.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 遗传学和环境对发展的影响.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会认知缺陷和限制性,重复性的行为.
- 自闭症的表现和发育轨迹高度异质,经常在整个生命周期中持续存在,有许多并发症.
- 当前的诊断系统 (DSM-5,ICD-11) 通过关注不同的支持需求和症状严重程度,承认异质性.
研究的目的:
- 倡导扩大自闭症的定义,称为"自闭症",包含多种不同的病因路径.
- 为"自闭症"提出一个新的分类框架,基于病因,表现强度和发育轨迹的三位一体.
- 突出这一扩展分类对自闭症研究和临床实践的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 对自闭症异质性现有文献的审查和综合.
- "多元自闭症"框架的概念进步.
- 分析导致自闭症诊断的病因因素.
主要成果:
- "自闭症"的概念正在获得引力,得到了新的诊断分组的支持,如"深度自闭症"和对非持续性的观察.
- 多种病因路径,包括遗传条件,传染病原体,环境暴露和免疫介导因素,可以导致自闭症诊断.
- 病因,表现强度和发育轨迹的三位一体为分类自闭症提供了一种新的方法.
结论:
- 建议将自闭症的定义扩展到"自闭症",基于不同的病因,表现强度和发展轨迹.
- 这种扩展的观点可以导致更细致的分类,可能改善研究方法和临床干预.
- 拟议的三位一体为理解和解决自闭症谱系障碍的多面性质提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
Autoimmune Disorders
2.4K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.4K
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder
1.1K
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
1.1K
Modeling in Therapy
823
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
823
Autism Spectrum Disorder
2.0K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
2.0K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
1.4K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.4K
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20


