机器学习模型用于使用神经成像数据诊断阿尔茨海默病:调查,可复制性和可概括性评估
Maryam Akhavan Aghdam1, Serdar Bozdag2, Fahad Saeed3
1Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Science (KFSCIS), Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, USA.
Brain informatics
|March 21, 2025
概括
早期阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 诊断至关重要但具有挑战性. 目前的机器学习模型在不同的神经成像数据集中难以通用,这阻碍了对AD和轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 检测的临床应用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 临床阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 诊断往往发生迟,限制了治疗的有效性.
- 现有的方法无法区分稳定的轻度认知障碍 (sMCI) 和渐进的轻度认知障碍 (pMCI).
- 早期的AD诊断在不同的人群中提供了显著的好处,但先进技术的临床转化仍然有限.
研究的目的:
- 通过神经成像来调查用于AD诊断的预处理,数据管理和机器学习 (ML) 技术.
- 评估用于AD检测的开源ML模型的可复制性和通用性.
- 确定阻碍ML在AD诊断和生物标志物发现中的临床应用的挑战.
主要方法:
- 对用于AD诊断的结构性MRI (sMRI),fMRI和PET数据的ML和深度学习 (DL) 方法的系统审查.
- 使用不同数据队列对开源ML模型性能进行实证评估.
- 在不同数据集中对模型通用性的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 现有的ML模型在应用于不同神经成像数据队列时显示出有限的概括性.
- 在评估的开源模型中,可重现性和交叉队列性能在评估的开源模型中存在显著差异.
- 预处理和数据管理策略影响模型性能和通用性.
结论:
- 目前用于AD诊断的ML模型需要进一步开发以提高概括性和临床实用性.
- 解决数据异质性和模型验证方面的挑战对于可靠的AD生物标志物发现至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该专注于强大的,可通用的ML解决方案,用于早期和准确的AD检测.
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