在线决策辅助或工具中嵌入选择实验:范围审查
Nyantara Wickramasekera1, Phil Shackley1, Donna Rowen1
1Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Journal of medical Internet research
|March 21, 2025
概括
这次审查发现了在患者决策工具中嵌入选择实验的有限最佳实践. 对于未来对这些工具的评估,需要标准化的结果措施.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 患者的决策制定 患者的决策
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 患者决策辅助器通过将治疗选择与个人价值观相协调,赋予个人权力.
- 选择实验是在决策辅助工具中引出患者偏好的一个关键方法.
- 选择实验越来越多地融入决策工具,需要对当前的方法进行审查.
研究的目的:
- 对选择实验如何嵌入患者决策工具进行范围审查.
- 检查用于这些决策工具的评估方法.
- 确定嵌入选择实验和评估决策工具的最佳实践.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA扩展指南进行范围审查.
- 在 MEDLINE,PsycInfo 和 Web of Science 进行了系统的搜索.
- 使用叙事合成提取和综合方法论,开发和评估的数据.
主要成果:
- 包括33篇论文,详细介绍了22种针对各种疾病 (肌肉骨,瘤,慢性) 的决策工具.
- 大多数工具 (77%) 起源于美国,自2015年以来出版物激增.
- 适应性联合分析是常见的;确定了四种概念验证嵌入方法. 工具提供了量身定制的信息,属性的重要性或治疗排名.
- 评估涉及多种设计和40多个结果,其中决策冲突规模最常见.
结论:
- 发现缺乏已确立的最佳实践,用于将选择实验嵌入决策工具中.
- 强调了有限数量的概念验证嵌入方法 (已确定四种).
- 强调需要在未来对决策工具的评估中就结果措施达成共识.
相关概念视频
Factorial Design
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
Decision Making: P-value Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
What is an Experiment?
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
Randomized Experiments
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
Experimental Designs
An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
Blinding
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.


