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人类影响重塑了鱼的多样性:地中海生物多样性热点的同质化和差异化模式

Nicholas Koutsikos¹, Theocharis Vavalidis¹, Costas Perdikaris²

¹Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece.

The Science of the total environment

|March 21, 2025

概括

人类活动正在通过物种入侵使淡水鱼类的生物多样性均化,特别是在希腊的生态系统. 虽然分类学多样性下降,但功能多样性显示出混合模式,突出了对生态系统的复杂影响.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
保护生物学保护生物学
淡水科学淡水科学

背景情况:

淡水生态系统面临着来自人类活动的越来越多的威胁,导致生物多样性丧失和生态系统功能的改变.
物种的入侵和灭绝是淡水生物多样性模式变化的关键驱动因素.
了解生物的同质化和分化对于有效的保护至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查希腊肉生态系统的分类学和功能性同质化/差异化.
评估非本地物种对国家和生态区域鱼群的影响.
确定地中海淡水系统生物多样性变化的驱动因素和途径.

主要方法:

使用历史和当前数据,分析了103个生态系统中的鱼群.
使用Jaccard和Gower不相似度指数计算分类学和功能相似度.
应用通用线性模型 (GLM) 来评估时间变化和驱动因素.

主要成果:

观察到显著的分类学同质化,由引入的外来和转移的鱼类物种驱动.
功能同质化不那么明显;一些地区显示功能差异化和物种丰富度增加.
大陆生态区域表现出更强的同质化,而岛屿地区显示出分类学上的差异化.
确定了分类学和功能变化之间的脱.

结论:

通过捕鱼和贸易引入非本土物种是同质化的首要驱动力.
同质化和差异化的区域差异突出了不同的生态系统脆弱性.
保护和生物多样性评估必须考虑分类学和功能性变化,以有效管理.

关键词:

生物多样性生物多样性生物同质化的生物同质化.类生态系统类生态系统非本地物种的非本地物种.β-多样性的多样性

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