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对具有溢出风险的使用ACE2的MERS相关冠状病毒的全球监测和对策

Shibo Jiang¹, Fan Wu¹

¹Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.

|March 21, 2025

概括

多种与MERS相关的冠状病毒 (MERSr-CoV) 使用ACE2进入细胞,而不是DPP4. 这种依赖于ACE2的物种具有与SARS-CoV-2相似的动物感染风险,需要进行全球监测.

科学领域:

病毒学
传染性疾病
分子生物学

背景情况:

与中东呼吸系统综合征相关的冠状病毒 (MERSr-CoV) 通常使用二基酶4 (DPP4) 进入细胞.
了解病毒进入机制对于预测和预防动物传播至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查MERSr-CoVs进入细胞的机制.
确定MERSr-CoV用于宿主细胞入侵的替代受体.

主要方法:

对MERSr-CoV与不同细胞受体相互作用的比较分析.
使用表达ACE2和DPP4的细胞系进行病毒输入试验.

主要成果:

鉴定出了三种不同的MERSr-CoV,它们利用血管激素转化酶2 (ACE2) 受体进入细胞.
这些病毒不依赖于正规的DPP4受体,挑战了关于MERSr-CoV热带性的先前假设.
依赖于ACE2的MERSr-CoV被证明能有效地进入细胞,这表明它有可能传染给人类.

结论:

发现ACE2依赖的MERSr-CoV扩大了这种病毒家族的已知受体使用范围.
这些发现突出显示了显著的动物感染风险,因为ACE2是SARS-CoV-2的受体.
为了减轻这些新型MERSr-CoV的威胁,迫切需要全球监测和制定对策.

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