DNA甲基化动态反映了多妻性蝙蝠死亡率的性别和地位差异
Danielle M Adams1, Jack G Rayner1, Severine B S W Hex1
1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Molecular ecology
|March 22, 2025
概括
在较大的矛鼻蝙蝠中,雄性死亡风险高于雌性,DNA甲基化变化更快,反映了更快的衰老. 社会地位也会影响男性的死亡率和DNA甲基化率.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 多妻性雄性哺乳动物的寿命通常较短,并且比雌性更早地表现出衰老.
- DNA甲基化 (DNAm) 模式可以预测哺乳动物的时间年龄.
- 野生动物的DNAm,生存和衰老之间的关系在很大程度上仍未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究性别和社会地位如何影响野生大长矛鼻蝙蝠 (Phyllostomus hastatus) 的死亡率和DNA甲基化模式.
- 为了确定DNAm的变化是否反映了性别和社会阶层之间的衰老和死亡率的差异.
主要方法:
- 估计死亡率使用34年的捕获数据从2700蝙蝠.
- 对300多只成年蝙蝠的DNA甲基化进行分析.
- 使用贝叶斯分析来评估死亡风险和DNAm速率差异.
主要成果:
- 雄性蝙蝠的死亡风险比雌性蝙蝠高1.8倍.
- 男性的DNA甲基化变化比女性快1.4倍,这表明甲基组更为动态.
- 具有更快DNAm变化的部位与雄激素和X染色体有关,在代谢基因促进体中具有高甲基化部位.
- 与主导雄性相比,下属雄性表现出更高的死亡率和更快的DNAm变化.
结论:
- 与性别和社会地位相关的死亡率差异反映在更大的长矛鼻蝙蝠的DNA甲基化变化中.
- 这些发现为野生种群的衰老和死亡机制提供了新的见解.
- 基因甲基化作为衰老和生存的生物标志物,受生物和社会因素的影响.
相关概念视频
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
30.8K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
30.8K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
33.1K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
33.1K
02:50Dosage Compensation
6.1K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.1K
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.4K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.4K
00:58Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
46.6K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
46.6K