玻利维亚和美国婴儿的双语语言输入
Margaret Cychosz1, Anele Villanueva2, Adriana Weisleder2
1Department of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
概括
了解双语输入是双语发展的关键. 婴儿更多地从同龄人和儿童语中听到社会语言,而少数族裔语言在成人语中更常见.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 社会语言学 社会语言学
背景情况:
- 早期的语言输入显著塑造了双语语言的发展.
- 关于双语接触如何在各种社会因素中分布的理解有限.
- 诸如说话者和语音注册表之类的因素影响语言输入的质量和数量.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿环境中双语输入的分布.
- 检查语言暴露在不同的扬声器 (成年人与儿童) 和语音注册表 (儿童指导与成人指导的语音) 中是如何变化的.
- 了解对双语语言获取和维护的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析婴儿语言环境中一整天的音频录音.
- 在两个不同的双语社区进行的研究:玻利维亚的奎丘亚语-西班牙语和美国的西班牙语-英语.
- 涉及20名婴儿 (年龄为5.723.4个月) 和他们的语言互动.
主要成果:
- 婴儿更容易接触到来自老年儿童的社会语言,而不是来自成年照顾者的社会语言.
- 社会语言在针对儿童的演讲中更为普遍.
- 少数民族语言在与儿童相比,在成年人讲话中被听到的频率是儿童讲话的4倍多.
结论:
- 在不同社会背景下,双语接触的分布有很大差异.
- 这些输入模式可能会影响双语语言发展的轨迹和少数民族语言的维护.
- 不同的社会背景提供了独特的互动机会,这对于婴儿期学习双语至关重要.
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