儿童对直接和间接偏见的评价证明了同种族人群的包容性
Kate V Luken Raz1, Marley B Forbes1, Melanie Killen1
1University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|March 22, 2025
概括
当偏见涉及不喜欢而不是喜欢相似之处时,孩子们会更严厉地判断偏见. 当来自黑人儿童时,父母关于包容性的信息被看作更为积极,突出了偏见评估中的发育差异.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 儿童遇到直接和间接的偏见,但他们对偏见可接受性的理解还没有得到充分的研究.
- 同龄人和父母对孩子对跨种族社会包容的看法的影响很大.
- 关于儿童如何评估同种族同龄人排斥的不同理由的研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 检查黑人和白人美国儿童 (6-12岁) 在同一种族纳入场景中如何评估直接与间接偏见.
- 调查同龄人对父母信息对儿童偏见评估的影响.
- 探索儿童的推理 (道德与非道德) 和他们对偏见的评估之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 6-12岁的儿童 (N=219) 根据间接偏见 (在组内偏好) 或直接偏见 (在组外不喜欢) 评估了描绘同种族纳入的小幅画.
- 在2021-2022年收集的数据.
- 根据偏见的类型,信息来源 (同龄人/父母) 和孩子的种族,分析了评估结果.
主要成果:
- 孩子们对同种族的包容,以异族的不喜欢 (直接偏见) 为动机,比对内族的偏好 (间接偏见) 判断更为负面.
- 基于同行声明的群体内偏好而进行的包容性被评价比母公司声明的偏好更为负面.
- 当黑人孩子比白人孩子颁布时,父母对同种族纳入的偏好被更积极地看待.
结论:
- 儿童区分直接偏见和间接偏见,更批判地看待基于不喜欢的排斥.
- 父母的影响会调节孩子对偏见的评价,根据孩子的种族有细微的看法.
- 道德推理与偏见的负面评价有关,而非道德推理与积极的评价相一致.
相关概念视频
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
89.8K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
89.8K
Bias
3.7K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
3.7K
Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
Confirmation Biases
5.4K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.4K
Stereotype Content Model
13.9K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
13.9K
In- and Out-Groups
38.7K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
38.7K


