船舶对海豚活动模式在该物种关键区域的影响. 保护影响 保护影响
L Olaya-Ponzone1, R Espada Ruíz2, E Martín Moreno3
1Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Biological Research Department I+D+i at the Seville Aquarium, Spain.
Marine environmental research
|March 22, 2025
概括
船上交通对海豚的行为产生了负面影响,改变了它们的食和休息模式. 监管捕活动对于保护阿尔盖西拉斯-直布罗陀湾的普通海豚 (Delphinus delphis) 至关重要.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 保护科学 保护科学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 观旅游提供了教育机会,但对鱼的福利构成风险.
- 在阿尔盖西拉斯-直布罗陀湾的普通海豚 (Delphinus delphis) 和瓶鼻海豚 (Tursiops truncatus) 受到船只互动的影响.
- 这一区域对普通海豚至关重要,这是一种受保护的地中海物种,但缺乏具体的保护计划.
研究的目的:
- 研究船只存在对普通海豚福利和行为的影响.
- 分析海豚对不同类型的船只观测 (控制,冲击,受管制,不受管制) 的反应 (接近,难以捉摸,冷漠).
- 评估行为变化,包括食,休息,磨削,社交,旅行和潜水.
主要方法:
- 观察海豚对船只的反应,将它们分为接近,难以捉摸和冷漠.
- 观测的分类为控制 (C),冲击 (I),受管制观测 (RS) 和不受管制观测 (US).
- 使用马尔科夫链分析了六种不同的行为状态 (食,休息,磨削,社交,旅行,潜水).
主要成果:
- 船只的存在和不遵守接近协议显著改变了海豚的行为,导致海豚进入"吸收潜水"状态.
- 食和休息行为受到显著影响,这表明对海豚福利的潜在负面影响.
- 不规范的船只活动被确定为行为障碍的主要原因.
结论:
- 船的互动,特别是不受管制的,会破坏海豚的基本行为,如食和休息.
- 调查结果强调,迫切需要严格监管和监督阿尔盖西拉斯-直布罗陀湾的船舶活动.
- 实施保护计划对于保护这一关键息地的普通海豚种群至关重要.
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