援助制裁对母婴死亡率的影响,1990-2019:一个小组分析
Ruth M Gibson1, Paul H Wise2, Joseph L Dieleman3
1Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine and Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Innovation in Global Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for International Security and Cooperation, Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
The Lancet. Global health
|March 22, 2025
概括
援助制裁通过减少对健康的发展援助,在低收入和中等收入国家显著增加婴儿,5岁以下和孕产妇死亡率. 这些制裁可以否定多年来儿童和母亲健康方面的进展,强调在实施之前需要评估健康影响.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 国际关系 国际关系
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 援助制裁作为经济惩罚,无意中对人类健康产生负面影响,特别是在人道主义危机中.
- 该研究侧重于1990-2019年期间,与当前对外援助政策的转变和潜在的援助禁令相关.
- 布基纳法索,苏丹和缅甸的人道主义灾难凸显了围绕援助制裁的关键辩论.
研究的目的:
- 调查援助制裁对1990年至2019年间母亲和儿童死亡率的影响.
- 评估援助制裁对官方发展援助 (ODA) 和卫生发展援助 (DAH) 的影响.
- 为制定有关援助制裁对健康影响的政策提供定量证据.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自人口健康指标,制裁数据库和新型全球援助制裁数据集的数据.
- 雇员小组差异差异常规最小平方估计,以分析援助制裁对死亡率的影响.
- 包括国家和年度固定的影响,国家特定的时间趋势和控制变量,以及对强度的灵敏度分析 (例如,平衡).
主要成果:
- 援助制裁使每年每个目标国家的官方发展援助减少了约21307万美元,DAH减少了1642万美元 (减少了17%).
- 导致额外的年度死亡:每10万活产婴儿中有129.3例婴儿死亡,47.1例5岁以下儿童死亡和10.9例孕产妇死亡.
- 与样本中平均值相比,婴儿,5岁以下和孕产妇死亡率每年分别增加3.1%,3.6%和6.4%,相对而言.
结论:
- 援助制裁通过减少ODA和DAH显著增加了儿童和孕产妇死亡率,无意中加剧了人类的痛苦.
- 一个5年的援助制裁事件可能会抵消婴儿/5岁以下死亡率的30%左右的改善,以及60%的孕产妇死亡率.
- 强调需要立法意识和监测与实施援助制裁和外国援助限制相关的健康影响.
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