信念两极化可能是由于对源独立的分歧造成的:计算建模,实验证据和适用于现实世界政治的可用性
David J Young1, Jens Koed Madsen2, Lee H de-Wit1
1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Downing Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
Cognition
|March 23, 2025
概括
信念两极化可以通过理性推理发生,当个人认为不同程度的来源独立时. 这项研究表明,当人们根据感知到的群体独立性来评估相互矛盾的信息时,人们会产生两极分化,这会影响现实世界的政治信仰.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 信念的两极分化是有争议的,解释范围从偏见的推理到理性的过程.
- 现有的研究探讨了有偏见的同化和有动机的推理作为两极化原因.
- 理性推理在信仰两极分化中的作用仍然是一个活跃的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 介绍和测试一个新的贝叶斯信条两极分化的机制,基于对源独立的感知.
- 调查理性代理人在特定条件下是否表现出信念两极化.
- 检查在实验和现实世界的政治两极分化中感知到的来源独立性的作用.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种新的贝叶斯网络模型,以模拟基于源独立感知的两极分化.
- 进行了一项预先注册的实验 (N=351),在相互矛盾的证词条件下测试人类两极分化.
- 在英国 (N=507) 和美国 (N=300) 的研究中使用了一种新型的尺度来衡量党派对源独立和信仰两极分化的看法.
主要成果:
- 贝叶斯网络表明,关于源独立性的分歧会导致两极分化.
- 实验参与者表现出两极分化,当他们与来自不同独立感知不同来源的相互矛盾的信息.
- 现实世界的党派始终认为他们自己的党的支持者比反对党的党派更独立,效果大小.
- 团体内支持者的更大独立感与更高水平的信念两极分化相关,即使在控制党派关系之后.
结论:
- 对源独立的看法为实验和现实世界的信仰两极分化提供了一个合理的合理机制.
- 对于哪个群体更独立的分歧可能会导致两极分化,即使是在理性代理人之间.
- 研究结果表明,感知到证词的独立性是调解社会政治信仰两极分化的一个关键因素.
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