老年人群中的鼻炎:流行病学和细胞学方面
Matteo Gelardi1, Rossana Giancaspro1, Elisa Boni2
1Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 24, 2025
概括
过敏性鼻炎 (AR) 影响老年人比以前想象的更多,影响他们的生活质量. 早期诊断和量身定制的治疗,包括过敏原特异性免疫疗法 (AIT),对于更好的老年人健康结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 过敏学 过敏学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 过敏性鼻炎 (AR) 曾经被认为是儿童疾病,由于寿命延长和环境变化,在老年人中越来越普遍.
- 尽管随着年龄的增长而过敏敏感性下降,但AR影响3-12%的老年患者,往往导致诊断不足和治疗不足.
- 非特定的症状和重叠的条件,如presbynasalis使老年人复杂的AR诊断,影响他们的生活质量 (QoL).
研究的目的:
- 突出老年人群中过敏性鼻炎的日益普遍和诊断挑战.
- 强调AR对老年人生活质量和呼吸系统健康的重大影响.
- 审查老年人AR当前和潜在的治疗策略,包括过敏原特异性免疫疗法 (AIT).
主要方法:
- 文献综述和现有关于老年人过敏性鼻炎研究的综合.
- 分析与年龄相关的鼻变化 (presbynasalis) 和并发性疾病所带来的诊断挑战.
- 对AR老年患者药物治疗和AIT的疗效和安全性的评估.
主要成果:
- 老年人中AR的患病率被低估,对QoL有显著的负面影响,以及喘和COPD等疾病的恶化.
- 在老年人中诊断AR是复杂的,因为重叠的条件,如非过敏和缩性鼻炎.
- 过敏原特异性免疫疗法 (AIT) 在老年患者中显示出有效性,减少症状和依赖药物,尽管最初存在安全问题.
结论:
- 准确的诊断和老年人AR的个性化管理对于改善QoL和减轻认知和呼吸系统衰退至关重要.
- 需要提高认识和进一步的研究,才能充分了解AR对老年人健康的影响,并优化治疗结果.
- 在老年人中有效的AR管理需要全面的方法,解决并发病症和多药学,以及像AIT这样的向治疗.
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