练习使人完美,但是为了什么目的? 计算机化大脑训练在健康老龄化方面具有有限的认知益处
Emma Sutton1, Jonathan Catling2,3, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten4
1School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. emma.sutton@bristol.ac.uk.
Psychological research
|March 24, 2025
概括
大脑训练应用程序对老年人来说显示了有限的好处. 只有在练习任务时才会出现改善,没有证据表明更广泛的认知转移效应.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 应用心理学应用心理学
背景情况:
- 对老年人的大脑训练计划的有效性仍在争论中.
- 可转移到未经训练的认知领域的好处尤其具有争议.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估商业大脑训练应用程序是否能改善健康老年人的认知功能.
- 为了确定认知改进是否转移到未经训练的任务.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照干预研究,涉及103名健康的老年人.
- 一个为期三个月的自适应性计算机认知训练计划与一个主动对照.
- 综合认知评估 (工作记忆,处理速度,注意力,语言) 干预前后.
主要成果:
- 在专门训练任务的干预组 (实践效应) 中观察到显著的改善.
- 与活跃对照组相比,没有发现与未受过训练的认知结果措施的显著转移效应.
- 认知效益仅限于在脑训练计划中直接练习的任务.
结论:
- 大脑训练计划的好处似乎仅限于特定的任务实践.
- 没有证据支持将影响转移到老年人更广泛,未经训练的认知能力.
- 商业大脑训练应用程序可能不会产生可概括的认知增强.
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