捕食的增加有利于特立尼达的鱼 (Anablepsoides hartii) 行为可塑性的进化转变
Meghan Korte1, Matthew R Walsh1
1Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
Journal of evolutionary biology
|March 24, 2025
概括
与捕食者生活在一起的特立尼达鱼表现出更大的行为可塑性,调整攻击性和结以响应捕食者线索. 这种增强的行为可塑性在危险的生存环境中受到青.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 行为可塑性对于掠食者丰富的环境中的猎物物种至关重要,平衡生存与与健身相关的活动.
- 猎物必须调整行为以减轻掠食风险,同时寻找食物和交配机会.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较特立尼达的鱼的行为可塑性,从掠食者存在和掠食者缺席的环境.
- 研究捕食者化学线索如何影响鱼种群的侵略性和反捕食者行为.
主要方法:
- 使用镜像试验量化公开和展示的侵略性,以及结行为 (反捕食者代理).
- 在实验室养和野生捕获的鱼在治疗前和治疗后都暴露在捕食者线索中.
- 基利鱼种群之间的行为反应比较,来源于有和没有捕食者的地点.
主要成果:
- 来自掠食者存在的地点的鱼在暴露于掠食者线索时显著减少了公开的侵略性和增加了结行为.
- 来自没有捕食者的地点的鱼表现出较低的可塑性,尽管野生鱼仍然显示出侵略性有所减少和结的增加.
- 来自捕食者存在的地点的实验室养殖鱼类表现出比来自没有捕食者的地点的鱼类更明显的塑料反应.
结论:
- 在危险环境中的发展有利于在捕食者介导的行为可塑性中的进化适应.
- 行为可塑性是一个由掠食压力塑造的关键特征,影响猎物物种的生存策略.
- 研究结果支持这样一个假设:捕食者诱导的行为变化是适应性的,并且在持续的风险下演变.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.0K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.0K
01:46Types of Selection
39.9K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
39.9K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
21.7K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
21.7K
01:06Fixed Action Patterns
15.7K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
15.7K
01:07Speciation Rates
20.9K
Overview
20.9K
00:46Trophic Efficiency
20.2K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
20.2K