预测适应性替代物之间遗传权衡的流行情况
Tim Connallon1, Peter Czuppon2, Colin Olito3
1School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
|March 24, 2025
概括
在已建立的适应中,有益突变在其他环境中变得有害的遗传权衡较少见. 这是由于遗传漂移,人口大小影响进化过程中权衡等位基因的流行.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 定量遗传学 是一个量子遗传学.
背景情况:
- 遗传权衡是影响遗传变异,衰老和性变态的关键进化现象.
- 现有的理论量化了新的突变与权衡,但忽视了它们在已建立的适应中的流行.
- 费舍尔的几何模型为理解突变对适应的影响提供了一个框架.
研究的目的:
- 为了预测适应性突变之间的遗传权衡的普遍性,这些突变在种群中变得固定的.
- 调查如何在不同的环境中表现出权衡:性别,息地,健身组件和波动的环境.
- 确定种群大小动态对权衡等位基因固定的影响.
主要方法:
- 扩展费舍尔几何模型,预测已确定的突变中权衡的普遍性.
- 在四个不同的场景中分析权衡:性对立,息地专业化,健康成分权衡和时间变化.
- 建模遗传漂移和种群大小变化 (衰减和扩张) 对等位基因固定的影响.
主要成果:
- 与新突变相比,在已确定的有益突变中,权衡等位基因总是代表性不足.
- 代表性不足主要是由于权衡等位基因对遗传漂移的敏感性增加.
- 人口规模的下降加剧了既定突变之间的权衡缺口;扩张减少了这种效应.
结论:
- 适应性进化有利于无条件有益的等位基因而不是权衡的等位基因,特别是在漂移下.
- 预计受威胁种群的适应主要是通过非权衡的有益突变.
- 侵入性种群表现出更高的适应倾向,通过表现出权衡的变体进行适应.
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