为健康老龄化提供最佳的饮食模式
Anne-Julie Tessier1,2,3,4, Fenglei Wang5, Andres Ardisson Korat6,7
1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. anne-julie.tessier@umontreal.ca.
Nature medicine
|March 25, 2025
概括
坚持健康的饮食模式,如替代健康饮食指数,显著提高健康衰老的几率. 富含植物性食物的饮食可以促进认知,身体和精神的健康.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化需要确定除了疾病预防之外,促进健康老龄化的饮食.
- 最佳营养对于在晚年维持认知,身体和心理健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查长期坚持八种饮食模式和超加工食品消费与健康衰老之间的关联.
- 根据认知,身体和心理健康措施评估健康的老龄化,以及70岁和75岁的无疾病生存率.
主要方法:
- 分析了护士健康研究 (1986-2016) 和卫生专业人员随访研究 (1986-2016) 的纵向数据.
- 健康衰老是由认知,身体和心理健康指标以及无慢性疾病生存率来定义的.
- 使用后勤回归评估了饮食模式,超加工食品和健康衰老之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 9,771名参与者 (9.3%) 在长达30年的随访后实现了健康的衰老.
- 对所有八种饮食模式的更高坚持与更高的健康衰老几率有关.
- 替代健康饮食指数显示了最强的关联 (OR 2.24在75岁),与较高的水果,蔬菜,全谷物和健康脂肪的摄入量与更好的结果相关.
结论:
- 富含植物性食物的饮食模式,适度包括健康的动物性食物,可能会增强整体健康的衰老.
- 特定的食物群体,如水果,蔬菜,全谷物和不和脂肪,是促进长寿和福祉的饮食的关键组成部分.
- 减少反式脂肪,,含糖饮料和红色/加工肉类的摄入量与健康的衰老相反地相关.
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