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基因编辑技术的新兴应用,用于开发适应气候变化的作物

R L Chavhan¹, S G Jaybhaye¹, V R Hinge¹

¹Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Latur, India.

Frontiers in genome editing

|March 25, 2025

概括

像CRISPR这样的基因编辑技术提供了精确的方法来增强作物抵御气候变化影响的弹性,例如干旱和热量. 这些工具可以改善作物的关键特征,确保粮食安全和可持续农业.

科学领域:

植物科学植物科学
遗传学是一个遗传学.
农业科学农业科学

背景情况:

气候变化对全球作物产量和粮食安全构成重大威胁.
气温上升,不规律的降雨和非生物压力 (干旱,热量,盐度) 影响作物生产.
发展适应气候变化的作物是非常必要的.

研究的目的:

审查基因编辑技术 (CRISPR/Cas9,基编辑器,主要编辑器) 以提高作物弹性.
探索这些技术在开发适应气候变化的作物中的机制和应用.
讨论基因编辑在应对未来粮食安全挑战方面的潜力.

主要方法:

对基因编辑机制的审查:用于向DNA修改的CRISPR/Cas9,用于直接基基转换的基基编辑器,以及用于精确插入/删除/替换的主要编辑器.
对关键应激反应调节器 (例如DREB,HSP,SOS,ERECTA,HSfA1,NHX) 中基因操纵的分析.
检查基因编辑对作物特征的影响,如根部发育,用水效率和耐压路径.

主要成果:

基因编辑可以精确修改植物DNA,以提高对干旱,热量和盐分压力的耐受性.
在诸如根架构,用水效率,光合作用效率和膜稳定性等特征上可以进行改进.
关键的应激反应基因可以被操纵来增强作物弹性.

结论:

基因编辑技术对开发适应气候变化的作物具有重大前景.
与基因组学,现象学和AI/ML的整合可以加速进步.
解决诸如非目标效应和监管障碍等挑战对于成功实施可持续农业至关重要.

关键词:

克里斯普尔-cas (集群定期间隔的短palindromic重复-CRISPR关联) 系统.无生物和生物应激压力基础编辑 (BE)气候变化气候变化气候变化适应气候变化的作物作物基因组编辑基因组编辑

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