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相关概念视频

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
617
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
428
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 20, 2025

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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多个细胞类型的相互作用驱动不变的NKT细胞肝炎.

Jiaxin Tan1,2, Longshan Ji1,2, Qian Li1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.

Hepatology communications
|March 25, 2025
PubMed
概括

骨髓状细胞,包括中性粒细胞和巨细胞,驱动α-Galcer诱导的NKT肝炎. 准髓状细胞透提供了一个潜在的治疗策略,NKT细胞介导的肝损伤.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • α-Galactosylceramide (α-Galcer) 激活不变的自然杀手T (NKT) 细胞,在抗瘤治疗中显示出希望.
  • 由于NKT细胞在肝脏中积累,α-Galcer治疗可能导致急性肝炎.
  • NKT介导性肝炎的机制尚未完全理解,这促使对髓状细胞参与的调查.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究骨髓状细胞在α-Galcer诱导的NKT肝炎中的作用.
  • 阐明骨髓细胞为NKT细胞介导的肝损伤做出贡献的分子机制.

主要方法:

  • 使用α-Galcer诱导的NKT肝炎小鼠模型.
  • 产生并研究了缺乏微RNA-223 (miR-223) 和中性粒细胞因子1 (Ncf1) 的小鼠.

主要成果:

  • α-Galcer在肝脏中诱导了中性粒细胞和巨细胞的积累,并增加了炎症媒介.
  • 抑制髓状细胞迁移 (通过CXCR2,CCR2,CCR5) 通过减少活性氧物种和炎症减少肝损伤.
  • 中性粒细胞枯竭减少了肝损伤;miR-223缺乏症恶化,而Ncf1缺乏症改善,炎症和氧化损伤.

结论:

  • 中性细胞和巨细胞的透对于NKT细胞激活引起的肝炎至关重要.
  • 这项研究强调了髓质细胞透在NKT细胞介导的肝损伤中的作用.
  • 研究结果表明,通过向髓状细胞透来针对NKT细胞肝炎的新型治疗策略.