COVID-19和完成选择的常规儿童疫苗接种
Malini B DeSilva1, Jacob Haapala1, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez1
1HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota.
Pediatrics
|March 25, 2025
概括
儿童疫苗接种率针对轮状病毒 (RV),白喉,结节病和非细胞性百日咳 (DTaP) 以及肺炎球菌联合疫苗 (PCV) 的覆盖率仍低于大流行前的水平. 种族,民族和语言等因素影响疫苗接种,需要有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 儿科传染病流行病学.
- 公共卫生监督是对公共卫生的监督.
- 疫苗可以预防的疾病.
背景情况:
- 常规的儿童免疫接种对于预防传染病至关重要.
- 评估疫苗覆盖率趋势对于公共卫生规划至关重要.
- 由于COVID-19的流行,影响了医疗保健和日常服务的准入.
研究的目的:
- 评估针对轮状病毒 (RV),白喉,破伤风和非细胞性百日咳 (DTaP) 以及肺炎球菌联合疫苗 (PCV) 的疫苗覆盖率.
- 确定与2018年至2023年婴儿接种疫苗相关的因素.
- 评估COVID-19大流行对儿童免疫率的影响.
主要方法:
- 对2018年1月1日至2023年5月31日之间出生的婴儿进行回顾性队列研究.
- 纳入标准:至少9个月的入学,在9-12个月之间至少进行一次医疗检查.
- 评估5个月后的2剂RV,DTaP和PCV覆盖率,并在12个月后完成系列;对人口因素和时间段关联的分析.
主要成果:
- 包括395,143名婴儿;48.4%女性,14.7%非西班牙裔亚裔,5.8%非西班牙裔黑人,34.2%西班牙裔,20.6%的医疗补助.
- 5个月的两剂疫苗覆盖率从87.8% (2020年2月) 降至80.8% (2023年10月).
- 与非英语/西班牙语主要护理人员语言,非西班牙裔黑人种族和医疗补助入学率相关的吸收率较低.
结论:
- 在COVID-19发病后的三年里,儿童免疫覆盖率仍然低于大流行前的水平.
- 人口因素可能反映了影响疫苗接种的结构性障碍.
- 有针对性的干预措施对于提高所有人群的疫苗接种率至关重要.
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