执行功能技能预测了学龄前儿童的运动能力
Elena Chichinina1, Margarita Gavrilova2, Patrik Drid3
1Department of Education Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. alchichini@gmail.com.
BMC pediatrics
|March 26, 2025
概括
具有更好的运动抑制和工作记忆的学龄前儿童显示出更好的运动能力. 训练运动抑制可以提高儿童的手工敏捷技能.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 汽车发展 汽车发展
- 认知发展 认知发展
背景情况:
- 运动能力和执行功能对于学龄前儿童的发展至关重要,影响社会化,学业成功和整体福祉.
- 幼儿时代的运动技能和执行功能之间的关系仍然未被充分探索.
- 这项研究调查了学龄前儿童运动能力的执行功能预测因子.
研究的目的:
- 确定特定的执行功能技能,预测5至6岁儿童的整体运动能力.
- 确定哪些执行功能与运动能力的特定组成部分有关,例如手工敏捷,平衡和准/捕捉.
主要方法:
- 参与的样本是272名5-6岁 (46%为女孩) 的典型发育儿童.
- "儿童运动评估电池-2"被用于运动能力评估.
- 这项研究标志着儿童运动评估电池-2在俄罗斯样本中的首次应用.
主要成果:
- 较高水平的运动抑制,工作记忆和年龄显著预测了更高的整体运动能力,手工敏捷性和平衡.
- 准和捕获技能主要是由运动抑制和年龄预测的.
- 观察到性别差异:女孩在手工灵巧和平衡方面表现出色,而男孩则表现出更高的准和捕获技巧.
结论:
- 运动抑制成为运动能力的关键预测因素,特别是手工敏捷性.
- 针对运动抑制的有针对性的培训可能会解决和改善幼儿的运动困难.
- 了解执行功能和运动技能之间的相互作用,为儿童早期干预策略提供了信息.
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