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关于免疫瘤学药物的生物标志物的概述
Evgeny N Imyanitov1,2, Elena V Preobrazhenskaya1,2, Natalia V Mitiushkina1
1Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy
|March 26, 2025
概括
免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 的益处不到一半的癌症患者. 像瘤突变负担 (TMB) 等生物标志物和微生物组组成等宿主因素可以预测并可能改善ICI治疗反应.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在癌症治疗中至关重要,但对不到50%的患者有益.
- 预测对ICI的反应是具有挑战性的,因为PD-L1表达不是普遍适用的.
- 瘤和宿主因素显著影响ICI疗效.
研究的目的:
- 探索免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 治疗反应的预测生物标志物.
- 为了确定影响ICI疗效的瘤内在因素和宿主相关因素.
- 突出提高ICI有效性的潜在策略.
主要方法:
- 对ICI响应生物标志物的现有文献的审查.
- 分析与瘤相关的因素,包括PD-L1表达,瘤突变负担 (TMB),微卫星不稳定性 (MSI-H),基因表达和免疫细胞透.
- 评估与宿主相关的因素,如微生物组合,全身炎症标志物 (例如,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比率 - NLR) 和人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 的多样性.
主要成果:
- 高瘤突变负担 (TMB),特别是在微卫星不稳定性高 (MSI-H) 的瘤中,是ICI疗效的可靠预测指标.
- PD-L1表达具有有限的预测价值,并且在不同类型的癌症中存在差异.
- 宿主因素包括微生物组,NLR和HLA多样性显示出对ICI反应的潜在影响.
- 用细胞毒药物和微生物组修饰进行瘤原始化可以提高ICI的疗效.
结论:
- 针对ICI的生物标志物发现对于个性化癌症治疗至关重要.
- 瘤特征 (TMB,MSI-H) 和宿主因素 (微生物组,炎症,HLA) 都对ICI反应至关重要.
- 针对可修改的瘤和宿主因素,为改善抗瘤免疫力和ICI有效性提供了有希望的途径.
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