在日内瓦的养老院工作人员和住户中对COVID-19进行非药物干预:混合的定性和定量研究
Lakshmi Krishna Menon1,2, Ania Wisniak1,2, Simon Regard3,4
1Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2025
概括
非药物干预措施 (NPI) 的限制性在第一波大流行期间没有显著影响瑞士养老院的COVID-19传播. 其他因素可能影响了病毒在这些脆弱环境中传播.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 老年医学 老年医学
背景情况:
- 第一波COVID-19大流行突出了养老院居民对严重结果的脆弱性.
- 非药物干预措施 (NPIs) 被广泛实施以制传播,但它们在长期护理设施中的有效性各不相同.
- 了解不同NPI水平对养老院COVID-19发病率的影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估不同程度的NPI限制性与养老院居民中COVID-19累积发病率之间的关联.
- 探索养老院工作人员和管理层对NPI在疫情初期实施的定性见解.
- 为了确定影响COVID-19在养老院环境中的传播的潜在因素.
主要方法:
- 在2020年3月至6月期间,瑞士日内瓦的12个养老院采用了混合方法方法.
- 通过采访养老院主任或主治医生,收集了定性数据.
- 定量分析涉及计算三个NPI限制级别的COVID-19感染事件率比率 (IRR) 并确定累积发生率.
主要成果:
- 养老院实施了一系列NPI,对员工和住户的最大,中等和最小限制级别均等分配.
- 在NPI的限制性和居民中PCR确诊的COVID-19病例的累积发病率之间没有发现统计学上显著的关联.
- 极限和中度限制性的NPI的事件率比分分别为3.90 (p=0.184) 和3.55 (p=0.212),与极限限制性的NPI相比.
结论:
- 该研究发现,在养老院中,NPI的实施有相当大的差异,与居民中COVID-19发病率没有明确的联系.
- 这些发现表明,NPI限制性之外的因素在养老院环境中的COVID-19传播中起着重要作用.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以调查这些额外的决定因素,并平衡严格的NPI与居民福祉.
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