新型小牛特征的遗传变异,采用以农民为中心的,共同设计的数据收集方法
M M Axford1, M Khansefid2, A J Chamberlain2
1Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; DataGene Ltd., 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Journal of dairy science
|March 26, 2025
概括
改善小牛的健康状况对于奶牛场的生产力和福利至关重要. 这项研究估计了澳大利亚Holsteins新牛犊特征的遗传组件,发现遗传率低,但与其他健康指标具有有利的遗传相关性.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学和动物繁殖
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
背景情况:
- 奶牛场的生产率和动物福利受到小牛健康的重大影响.
- 遗传评估传统上侧重于牛的健康,小牛的健康是一个新兴的领域.
- 改善记录保存对于推进小牛健康的研究和遗传评估至关重要,特别是在澳大利亚.
研究的目的:
- 用农民共同设计的数据集来估计新型小牛健康特征的方差成分.
- 评估牛犊活力的遗传基础,断奶前死亡率 (PWM) 和澳大利亚霍尔斯坦牛犊的扫荡.
- 探索小牛健康特征和其他生产或健康指标之间的遗传相关性.
主要方法:
- 从50多个澳大利亚农场 (2020-2023) 收集了近2万只小牛的记录.
- 利用带有基因组关系矩阵的单变线性模型来估计差异组分.
- 包括固定效应,如畜群年季节,性别,平价群和分娩容易度.
主要成果:
- 在荷尔斯坦小牛中,断奶前死亡率 (PWM) 患病率为2.0%,扫除患病率为5.9%.
- 对于小牛的健康特征的遗传性 (h2) 在霍尔施泰因的1%至11%不等.
- 小牛的活力显示了与死产和PWM的适度但有利的遗传相关性;观察到与哺乳母牛特征的显著相关性很少.
结论:
- 虽然新型小牛健康特征的遗传概率估计较低,但它们为未来的遗传评估提供了基础.
- 开发的数据集和方法使得进一步的研究能够改善澳大利亚奶牛群的小牛健康.
- 由于数据不足,无法对泽西品种进行可靠估计的小牛健康特征的遗传变异.
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