在实施扩大规模战略之前,探索障碍和潜在的解决方案,以扩大塔吉克斯坦注射毒品的人群中甲覆盖范围
George L O'Hara1, Lynn M Madden2, Abror Burkhonov3
1Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Journal of substance use and addiction treatment
|March 26, 2025
概括
在塔吉克斯坦扩大阿片类激素治疗 (OAT) 需要解决后勤障碍,改变家庭服用剂量的政策,并打击错误信息. 这些策略对于增加注射药物使用者 (PWID) 中OAT获取和保留至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 药物滥用 治疗 药物滥用 治疗
背景情况:
- 东欧和中亚地区面临着世界上增长最快的艾滋病毒流行病,主要影响注射毒品的人 (PWID).
- 片激素治疗 (OAT) 对于预防艾滋病毒至关重要,但塔吉克斯坦的覆盖率非常低,在18000名PWID中为2.7%.
- 对OAT扩展的障碍阻碍了高风险人群中有效的艾滋病毒预防和治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 确定和优先考虑在塔吉克斯坦扩大OAT的障碍和促进者.
- 为提高PWID中甲计划入门和保留率的预实施战略提供信息.
- 引导开发针对性干预措施,解决患者,组织和政策因素.
主要方法:
- 在实施前的一项研究中,利用名义组技术 (NGT) 在塔吉克斯坦的14个OAT站点进行了228个PWID.
- 焦点组分为目前正在服用甲 (N=120) 和未服用甲 (N=108) 的参与者.
- 障碍和解决方案被确定并分类为个人,组织和政策层面.
主要成果:
- 主要障碍包括后勤不便 (运输,每日剂量),限制性政策 (影响就业/许可证的注册要求) 和广泛的误导信息.
- 确定的顶级解决方案是使可带回家的甲剂量,扩大分发地点 (例如,初级保健,药房) 和传播准确的信息.
- 对于那些不使用美沙的人来说,网站扩张是优先考虑的解决方案,而信息传播也在这个群体中排名高.
结论:
- 这项研究为开发塔吉克斯坦有效的OAT扩展战略提供了关键的见解.
- 解决后勤,政策和信息障碍对于增加OAT覆盖率至关重要.
- 实施努力应针对患者,提供者,组织和政策制定者,以改善艾滋病毒预防结果.
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