人工智能融入临床医学:趋势,挑战和未来方向
Prasanna Sakthi Aravazhi1, Praveen Gunasekaran1, Neo Zhong Yi Benjamin2
1Internal Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India.
Disease-a-month : DM
|March 27, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 通过改进的诊断和个性化的治疗来增强临床医学. 克服数据隐私和算法偏见等挑战是实现人工智能在医疗保健中的全部潜力的关键.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 临床实践中的自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 人工智能正在彻底改变临床医学,影响患者的诊断,治疗和管理.
- 机器学习 (ML),深度学习 (DL) 和自然语言处理 (NLP) 分析复杂的医疗数据,以提高准确性和速度.
- 挑战包括数据隐私,算法偏见,道德问题和AI模型的解释性.
研究的目的:
- 评估临床医学中人工智能应用的当前趋势.
- 识别阻碍在医疗保健中采用人工智能的障碍.
- 探索人工智能在临床实践中的未来方向和影响.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统审查.
- 搜索了PubMed,科克兰图书馆,科学网和斯科普斯 (2014-2024年).
- 包括在诊断,治疗计划和患者护理中使用人工智能的研究,具有可衡量的结果.
主要成果:
- 人工智能工具,如卷积神经网络 (CNN),在放射学和病理学中显示出卓越的诊断准确性.
- 预测模型有助于风险分层,早期疾病检测和个性化医疗.
- 主要挑战仍然存在:数据隐私,算法偏见和临床医生对"黑子"模型的信任;可解释的AI (XAI) 提供了一个潜在的解决方案.
结论:
- 人工智能具有改变诊断,治疗策略和医疗保健效率的巨大潜力.
- 解决数据隐私,算法偏见和可解释性对于更广泛的AI采用至关重要.
- 克服这些障碍将改善患者的治疗结果,并创造可持续的医疗保健提供模式.
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