使用被困离子量子处理器验证的随机性
Minzhao Liu1,2,3, Ruslan Shaydulin4, Pradeep Niroula1
1Global Technology Applied Research, JPMorganChase, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|March 27, 2025
概括
研究人员使用在线访问的量子计算机生成可验证的随机位数. 这一突破利用量子计算能力来实现安全的随机性,
科学领域:
- 量子信息科学
- 计算安全
- 量子计算硬件
背景情况:
- 量子计算机提供超越经典系统的能力, 但实际应用具有挑战性.
- 在安全应用中生成带有保证的随机位是至关重要的,但在传统上是不可能的.
- 不值得信赖的远程量子设备对可验证的计算构成挑战.
研究的目的:
- 使用被困离子量子计算机演示可验证的随机位数的生成.
- 为了安全,利用随机电路采样的经典硬度.
- 为了验证由不可信的量子服务器产生的随机性.
主要方法:
- 使用了56位量子量子计算机.
- 开发了一个客户端向远程服务器发送量子电路的协议.
- 使用经典验证服务器结果与量子硬度假设.
- 分析了对近期对手的安全性.
主要成果:
- 在互联网上成功生成了可验证的随机位.
- 在受限制的对手假设下, 证实了71,313位的.
- 获得了高的经典验证性能 (1.1 × 10^18 FLOPS).
结论:
- 使用当前量子硬件生成认证的随机位的可行方法.
- 这项工作代表了近期量子计算机的实际应用.
- 该协议显示了分布式量子计算场景中安全随机生成的潜力.
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