意大利南部户外工作者中西尼罗病毒血清流行:揭示职业风险和公共卫生影响
Angela Stufano1, Valentina Schino1, Gabriele Sacino1
1Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Viruses
|March 27, 2025
概括
西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 对户外工作者,特别是意大利南部的畜牧业者构成职业风险. 使用驱逐剂和个人防护设备 (PPE) 显著降低了WNV感染的可能性.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
背景情况:
- 西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 是一种由蚊子传播的病原体,鸟类作为储水池.
- 人类感染通常无症状,但可能导致严重的神经侵入性疾病.
- 气候变化和职业暴露正在增加WNV的传播,特别是在意大利南部.
研究的目的:
- 评估意大利南部户外工作者中西尼罗病毒 (WNV) 血清流行率.
- 在这个人口群体中确定与WNV传播相关的职业风险.
- 为高风险群体提供有针对性的公共卫生干预信息.
主要方法:
- 在意大利东南部的阿普利亚地区 (2023年11月至2024年4月) 进行了一项横截面研究.
- 参与者 (n=250) 填写了有关人口统计,职业暴露和健康问题的问卷.
- 使用ELISA和中和试验检测出WNV特异性抗体.
主要成果:
- 在接受调查的户外工作者中,畜牧养殖者表现出最高的WNV流行率 (6.5%).
- 使用驱虫剂 (OR=0.95) 和个人防护设备 (PPE) (OR=0.94) 显著降低了WNV感染风险.
- 农业工人,兽医和林业工人也被纳入研究群体.
结论:
- 在意大利南部,户外工作者,特别是畜牧业工作者,面临着严重的职业WNV风险.
- 经常暴露在容易感染蚊子的环境中,有助于增加这种风险.
- 公共卫生战略和教育对于保护户外工作者免受WNV的侵害至关重要,考虑到气候变化对传播的影响.
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