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通过微卫星DNA位点对当地马种的遗传特征进行分析

N V Blohina¹, L A Khrabrova¹

¹All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding, Divovo, Rybnovsky district, Ryazan region, Russia.

Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii

|March 27, 2025

概括

俄罗斯马种表现出高度的遗传多样性和独特的等位基因,这对保护工作至关重要. 这些发现强调了保护这些宝贵的马基因库的重要性.

科学领域:

动物遗传学动物遗传学
动物学动物学
保护生物学保护生物学

背景情况:

俄罗斯拥有各种各样的马种,它们具有独特的基因库,适应了恶劣的环境.
许多家庭马种面临灭绝,这使得遗传多样性研究至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估来自俄罗斯和独联体国家的15种当地马种的遗传多样性和种群结构.
识别独特的遗传标记并了解这些品种的保护状况.

主要方法:

对15个品种2,193匹马的生物材料 (毛发,血液,精液) 的分析.
使用17个微卫星位点进行遗传和人口分析,评估等位基因变异,多态性,异构性,遗传相似性和近亲繁殖系数.
将遗传数据与欧洲马匹品种进行比较,以确定独特的等位基因.

主要成果:

当地的马品种表现出高度的生物多样性和独特的遗传结构,通常具有私有等位基因.
在本地品种中确定了独特的等位基因 (例如,ASB2T,HMS7S,HTG7L),但在欧洲马匹品种中没有发现.
大多数品种表现出负的近亲繁殖系数 (Fis),表明近亲繁殖的水平较低,它们之间具有很高的遗传相似性.

结论:

现代本地马种具有显著的生物多样性和独特的遗传特征,尽管进行杂交,但仍然存在.
鉴定到的独特基因基因突显了俄罗斯和独联体国家的本地马品种的独特性.
基因相似性证实了大多数本地品种的独特基因库以及吉尔吉斯马与南西伯利亚种群的共同起源.

关键词:

它们是DNA微卫星.马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹马匹遗传多样性遗传多样性马的马,马的马,马的马,马的马.当地的品种,当地品种.

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