猪内皮质醇水平的遗传决定性
Elena Terenina1, Nathalie Iannuccelli1, Yvon Billon2
1GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France.
Frontiers in genetics
|March 27, 2025
概括
动物育种可以通过选择下丘脑-垂体-上腺皮层 (HPA) 轴活动来增强强度. 对HPA轴特征的遗传选择,特别是涉及葡萄糖皮质体受体基因,显示出强烈的遗传性和改善动物适应性的潜力.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学和动物繁殖
- 神经内分泌学神经内分泌学
- 动物生理学 动物生理学
背景情况:
- 动物的强度对于可持续性至关重要,其中下丘脑-垂体-上腺皮质 (HPA) 轴被确定为关键的神经内分泌系统,调节适应性反应.
- HPA轴活动受到遗传因素的显著影响,使其成为动物育种计划中选择的目标.
- 上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 刺激试验是一种经过验证的方法,用于评估包括猪在内的不同物种中HPA轴活性的遗传变异.
研究的目的:
- 调查HPA轴活动的遗传决定性及其对猪的功能特征和强度的影响.
- 根据ACTH刺激后的血皮质醇水平进行分离选择实验,以评估选择的遗传性和反应.
- 识别影响HPA轴活性和遗传性的特定基因,如葡萄糖皮质体受体基因 (NR3C1).
主要方法:
- 在大白猪种群上进行了三代不同的选择实验,在ACTH注射后选择血皮质醇水平.
- 在ACTH注射后皮质醇水平的遗传性估计使用对选择数据的响应.
- 进行全基因组关联研究 (GWAS),以确定与HPA轴活性相关的遗传位置,并测量了血皮质类固醇结合型全球蛋白 (CBG) 的结合能力.
主要成果:
- 对HPA轴活性的选择反应很强,ACTH注射后皮质醇水平的高遗传率估计为0.64 (±0.03).
- 实现了显著的遗传变异,在三代后,分离的线条之间差异约为五个遗传标准偏差.
- 葡萄糖皮质体受体基因 (NR3C1) 被确定为HPA轴活性遗传变异的主要贡献者,而CBG则起到较小的作用.
结论:
- HPA轴是高度遗传和对遗传选择有反应的特征,具有提高动物适应性和强度的潜力.
- 遗传选择可以有效调节HPA轴活动,NR3C1多态性是这种变化的关键因素.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以探索这种不同的选择对生产特征和动物整体强度的长期影响.
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