2015年日本因空气污染导致的癌症负担
Megumi Hori1, Kota Katanoda1, Kayo Ueda2
1Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
GHM open
|March 27, 2025
概括
暴露于颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是一个重要的环境健康风险,特别是肺癌. 在日本,2015年,PM2.5导致9.7%的肺癌发病率和9.8%的肺癌死亡率.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是一种公认的环境健康危害,也是肺癌的风险因素.
- 关于全国范围内暴露于PM2.5的公众担忧正在增加.
- 估计PM2.5-归因于癌症的负担对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计2015年日本因PM2.5暴露而造成的肺癌负担.
- 评估由PM2.5.5引起的肺癌的人口归因分数 (PAF).
- 为决策者提供环境癌症预防策略的信息.
主要方法:
- 利用2005年的卫星衍生的PM2.5度 (0.5° × 0.5°分辨率) 和1公里网格人口数据.
- 应用了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的指导值 (≤10μg/m3) 以获得最佳的PM2.5暴露.
- 来自一项大型日本队列研究来计算肺癌PAF的估计相对风险.
主要成果:
- 2005年人口加权平均PM2.5水平为14.9μg/m3.
- 大约95.7%的日本人口接触到超过世卫组织指导标准的PM2.5水平.
- 2015年,暴露于PM2.5与11,922例肺癌病例和7,264例死亡有关,分别占总发病率和死亡率的9.7%和9.8%.
结论:
- 在日本,暴露于PM2.5显著导致肺癌发病率和死亡率.
- 观察到PM2.5归因于癌症负担的地理差异,日本西部和大都市地区的比例更高.
- 调查结果强调需要有效的环境政策,以减轻PM2.5相关的癌症风险.
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