生命周期方法作为评估城市生物废弃物处理单元的工具:系统性审查
Laís Fabiana Serafini1, Paulo José Gomes Monteiro Praça2, Fernando González-Andrés3
1CIMO, LA SusTEC, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
概括
生命周期评估 (LCA) 评估了城市生物废物处理,发现无氧消化 (AD) 对环境有好处. 选择性采集是堆肥质量和AD效率的关键,尽管运输成本增加了.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 废物管理 废物管理
- 生命周期评估 生命周期评估
背景情况:
- 生物废物带来了全球环境,经济和社会挑战.
- 有效的生物废物回收利用战略对于减轻影响至关重要.
- 市政生物废物处理设施需要严格的环境评估.
研究的目的:
- 在评估市政生物废物处理设施时,系统地审查生命周期评估 (LCA) 的应用.
- 分析机械和生物处理 (MBT) 系统的LCA方法,包括堆肥和无氧消化 (AD).
- 确定生物废物管理的LCA研究中的方法异质性,研究差距和挑战.
主要方法:
- 对城市生物废物处理LCA研究的系统文献综述.
- 对方法方法,系统界限 (例如,从摇篮到坟墓),功能单位 (例如,1生物废物) 和原料 (例如,城市固体废物的有机分量) 的分析.
- 专注于基于堆肥和无氧消化 (AD) 的系统.
主要成果:
- 基于无氧消化 (AD) 的系统显示出环境效益,特别是减少全球变暖潜力,与垃圾填埋相比,由于能源生产.
- 从摇篮到坟墓的系统边界是最常见的,提供了全面的分析.
- 研究集中在欧洲和亚洲,在非洲地区存在差距.
- 用消化剂和堆肥取代矿物肥是有益的,但引发了对重金属含量和营养素可用性的担忧.
结论:
- 生命评估是评估生物废物处理环境效率的宝贵工具,但为了可比性,需要进行方法标准化.
- 有机废物的选择性收集对于提高堆肥质量和AD效率至关重要.
- 在AD的环境效益与潜在的缺点 (如增加的运输成本和消化质量) 的平衡中,需要仔细考虑.
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