对描述性饮酒规范和对饮酒结果的态度在人与人之间和人内影响的纵向分析
Angelo M DiBello1, Mary Beth Miller2, Melissa R Hatch3
1Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Studies & Department of Graduate and Applied Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Alcohol, clinical & experimental research
|March 27, 2025
概括
对重度饮酒的态度和描述性规范预测了酒精使用和后果. 促进适度饮酒的态度可以防止负面结果,如停电和伤害.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 计划行为理论 (TPB) 为理解健康行为提供了一个框架.
- 现有的关于TPB和酒精消费的研究主要集中在人与人之间的影响上.
- 需要探索规范和态度对饮酒行为随时间推移的影响,无论是人与人之间还是人内.
研究的目的:
- 研究描述性规范和对中度和重度饮酒的态度对酒精消费和相关后果的个人间和个人内部的影响.
- 扩大计划行为理论 (TPB) 的应用范围,以了解纵向饮酒模式.
主要方法:
- 一项长度研究,对484名大学学生进行了长期调查,在6个时间点进行了12个月的调查.
- 采用多级建模来分析数据.
- 这些措施包括描述性的饮酒规范,对中度和重度饮酒的态度,饮酒意图,每周的饮料数量,昏迷和与酒精有关的后果.
主要成果:
- 在人与人之间,描述性规范与每周饮酒量较高有关,对重度饮酒的有利态度与消费和后果增加相关.
- 在人体内,描述性规范和对重度饮酒态度的波动预测了每周饮酒,昏迷和后果的增加.
- 对适度饮酒的积极态度与更低的昏迷几率和更少的与酒精有关的后果有关.
结论:
- 对饮酒的态度,特别是大量饮酒,是饮酒及其在个人和团体层面的后果的重要预测因素.
- 对适度饮酒的积极态度显示出对与酒精有关的负面结果的保护作用.
- 干预措施的目的应该是培养适度饮酒态度,同时减少对重度饮酒的有利态度,并修改描述性的饮酒规范,以减轻与酒精有关的危害.
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