使用iDNA来确定亚马逊森林砍伐对Leishmania宿主,载体及其相互作用的影响
Aimee L Massey1, David José Ferreira da Silva2, Carla Julia da Silva Pessoa Vieira2
1Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|March 27, 2025
概括
土地利用变化影响动物传播疾病的风险,中间森林砍伐增加了Leishmania寄生虫的传播. 家养狗和野生动物之间的相互作用是热带森林的关键途径.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 土地利用变化对动物传播疾病风险的影响仍在争论中,原因是数据稀少,无法将宿主,载体和病原体联系起来.
- 无脊椎动物衍生DNA (iDNA) 提供了一种新的方法,以评估在景观尺度上的物种相互作用和疾病动态.
- 了解这些联系对于预测和减轻动物传播疾病的出现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查森林砍伐对沙媒介和莱什马尼亚寄生虫传播的影响.
- 评估脊椎动物宿主可用性和沙食偏好在疾病动态中的作用.
- 评估土地利用变化对宿主-病原体-载体相互作用的影响.
主要方法:
- 无脊椎动物衍生DNA (iDNA) 的metabarcoding被用于收集在亚马逊森林砍伐梯度上的沙和尸体.
- 沙iDNA分析了Leishmania寄生虫和脊椎动物血宿主.
- 对脊椎动物宿主进行了运载iDNA分析,以评估更广泛的宿主社区组成.
主要成果:
- 在牧草面积较高的森林中,沙媒介的丰度下降.
- 雷什马尼亚宿主/水库检测概率在中显示出与森林覆盖面的二次关系,在中间森林砍伐水平达到顶峰.
- 脊椎动物宿主检测,通过尸体,也在中间森林覆盖处达到顶峰,这表明宿主可用性的增加推动了沙血粉的发现. 养的狗和 armadillos 是普遍的主机.
结论:
- 该研究没有支持森林砍伐对动物传播疾病风险的可概括的"稀释效应".
- 观察到载体和宿主对森林砍伐的反应一致.
- 养狗和野生宿主之间的相互作用是森林砍伐的热带森林中动物传播疾病的重要传播途径.
相关概念视频
01:30Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
01:21Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...