对无人机系统与人体碰撞的影响分析评估
Zdeněk Svatý1, Pavel Vrtal1, Tomáš Mičunek1
1Department of Forensic Experts in Transportation, CTU in Prague, FTS, Prague, Konviktská, Czechia.
PloS one
|March 27, 2025
概括
有控制的撞击测试显示,无人机系统 (UAS) 的结构脆弱性,而不仅仅是冲击能量,影响了人类受伤风险. 目前的伤害预测模型需要改进,以提高无人机安全标准.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 航空航天工程 航空航天工程
- 安全科学安全科学 安全科学
背景情况:
- 无人驾驶飞行系统 (UAS) 对与人类潜在碰撞的安全问题越来越担忧.
- 评估无人机系统撞击造成的伤害风险对于制定有效的安全法规至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与无人机系统 (UAS) 与人类相撞相关的生物机械安全风险.
- 根据撞击动态评估当前伤害预测模型的有效性.
主要方法:
- 通过使用定制的落下机制,对混合III类人形测试装置进行了49次受控撞击测试.
- 模拟各种无人机系统 (UAS) 的撞击,重量从20g到1kg以上.
- 多种冲击速度 (7-24 m/s) 和动能 (1-280 J) 以复制现实世界的场景.
主要成果:
- 峰值头加速和动能模型在预测受伤严重程度方面存在局限性.
- 头部伤害标准 (HIC) 在反映伤害潜力方面表现出更高的一致性,因为它考虑了冲击时间概况.
- 观察到,在高能冲击时UAS的结构变形和破裂会减少整体能量传输.
结论:
- 无人机系统 (UAS) 的结构脆弱性在减轻冲击力方面发挥着重要作用,影响受伤结果.
- 现有的伤害预测指标可能无法完全捕捉UAS对人类影响的复杂性.
- 对无人机系统 (UAS) 需要加强测试协议和更复杂的安全标准.
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