通过指抗病毒蛋白调节宿主基因表达
Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro1,2, Emily Mastrocola2, Xiao Lei2
1Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Medical School, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
概括
指抗病毒蛋白 (ZAP) 准非自我RNAs. 研究人员开发了一种预测工具来识别ZAP调节的宿主mRNA,揭示其在天生的免疫力中的作用和在人类细胞中保持其功能.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 指抗病毒蛋白 (ZAP) 是一种干扰素诱导蛋白,通过降解非自身RNA来限制病毒复制.
- ZAP识别了RNA中CpG二核酸含量升高的特征,这种特征通常不在哺乳动物mRNA中.
- 预测ZAP调节的内源mRNA仅基于CpG频率是具有挑战性的.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种用于识别ZAP调节的内源mRNA的预测算法.
- 为了研究ZAP在调节宿主mRNA水平的作用,在天生的免疫反应.
- 为了确定宿主mRNAs的ZAP介导调节是否在人体细胞中得到保留.
主要方法:
- 开发一种结合实验确定组成特征的预测算法,以识别潜在的ZAP目标mRNA.
- 使用ZAP淘汰赛小鼠实验验验证预测的ZAP目标宿主mRNA.
- 在ZAP的存在和缺席下,先天性免疫反应期间基因表达变化的分析.
主要成果:
- 开发的算法成功预测了ZAP调节的内源mRNAs.
- 许多算法预测的宿主mRNA的水平在ZAP-knockout小鼠中明显增加.
- 发现ZAP在先天性免疫反应期间会降低特定宿主基因的调节,包括编码细胞外矩阵和核细胞组件的基因.
- 这些基因产物的ZAP介导调节在人体细胞中得到保留.
结论:
- 一个新的计算工具能够准确地预测ZAP目标基因.
- ZAP在调节宿主mRNA水平方面发挥着重要作用,特别是在天生的免疫力期间.
- 这些发现突出了跨物种ZAP介导RNA调节的保存机制.
相关概念视频
01:42What is Gene Expression?
133.0K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
133.0K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
13.4K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
13.4K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.4K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.4K
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
1.5K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.5K
01:23The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR
1.1K
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
1.1K
01:30Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
73
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
73