神经退行症中的神经:肌缩侧面硬化症和前性痴呆症
Fabiola De Marchi1, Edoardo Gioele Spinelli2, Caterina Bendotti3
1ALS Centre, Neurology Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Handbook of clinical neurology
|March 27, 2025
概括
肌缩侧面硬化症 (ALS) 和前性痴呆症 (FTD) 是相关的神经退行性疾病. 质细胞,包括星体细胞和微质细胞,在它们的进展中起着至关重要的作用,并提供潜在的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 肌缩侧面硬化症 (ALS) 和前性痴呆症 (FTD) 是神经退行性疾病,具有共同的遗传和病理特征,表明它们存在于疾病谱中.
- 虽然FTD影响特定的大脑区域,而ALS影响神经系统和肌肉,但涉及到常见的神经中心机制.
- 新兴研究强调了非神经元细胞,特别是质细胞 (星球细胞,寡干细胞,微质细胞) 和外周免疫细胞在疾病病理学中的重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于当前对质细胞参与ALS和FTD的理解的全面概述.
- 探索质细胞功能对疾病发病和进展的影响.
- 突出最近关于质细胞的发现及其对预后和未来治疗策略的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 关于ALS和FTD中质细胞的最新研究的文献综述.
- 分析研究的分析研究的作用的星体细胞,小体细胞,微质细胞和外围免疫细胞.
- 综合有关疾病机制,预后和治疗点的信息.
主要成果:
- 质细胞,包括星球细胞,微质细胞和寡质细胞,在ALS和FTD的病理学中起着显著的作用.
- 这些非神经元细胞通过各种机制促进疾病的发病和进展.
- 了解质细胞的作用,可以了解疾病的进展和潜在的治疗途径.
结论:
- 质细胞是ALS和FTD病变的关键参与者.
- 向质细胞功能障碍是未来治疗干预的有希望的策略.
- 对质细胞生物学进行进一步的研究对于改善患者预后和开发这些破坏性疾病的有效治疗方法至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:30Dementia
536
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
536
01:28Lateralization
989
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
989
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
4.4K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
4.4K
03:03Amyloid Fibrils
11.7K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
11.7K
03:02Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots
60.3K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.3K
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.6K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.6K