睡眠期望与现实差距:探索初级保健患者感知和理想睡眠时间之间的差异
Carlos De Las Cuevas1,2, María Segovia3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2025
概括
大多数初级保健患者在他们的感知和理想睡眠时间之间存在很大的差距. 这种差异与失眠的严重程度,年龄和生活方式的选择有关,这凸显了对干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 睡眠医学 睡眠医学
- 初级保健研究研究初级保健研究
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 人口中很大一部分的人认为他们得到多少睡眠与他们理想需要多少睡眠之间存在差异.
- 了解导致这种睡眠期望与现实差距的因素对于改善患者福祉至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化初级保健患者感知和理想睡眠时间之间的差异.
- 确定与这种睡眠差异相关的人口统计学,生活方式和心理因素.
主要方法:
- 在对300名初级保健患者进行的横截面调查中,使用失眠严重程度指数 (ISI) 评估了人口统计,睡眠感知和失眠严重程度.
- 睡眠差异被计算为感知和理想睡眠时间之间的差异.
- 统计分析包括威尔科克森的签名等级测试,斯皮尔曼的相关性和多重线性回归.
主要成果:
- 81.3%的参与者报告了显著的睡眠差异,感知睡眠时间 (6.39 ± 1.36小时) 远低于理想 (8.07 ± 0.75小时).
- 更高的ISI分数 (表明更大的失眠严重程度) 与更大的睡眠差异有很强的相关性 (r = -0.476,p < 0.001).
- 失眠严重程度,较高的BMI,可乐消费和年龄较大是睡眠差异的重要预测因素,解释了27.7%的差异.
结论:
- 在初级保健患者中,感知和理想睡眠时间之间存在相当大的差距.
- 失眠的严重程度,年龄和某些生活方式因素是导致这种差异的关键因素.
- 针对不适应性睡眠期望的认知行为干预措施可以提高睡眠满意度,并减少初级保健机构的痛苦.
相关概念视频
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
01:19Management of Insomnia
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
01:13Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
01:22Stages of Sleep
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
01:29Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...