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Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

A Protocol for Bioinspired Design: A Ground Sampler Based on Sea Urchin Jaws
09:10

A Protocol for Bioinspired Design: A Ground Sampler Based on Sea Urchin Jaws

Published on: April 24, 2016

这是祖先传承的传统.

James A Secord1

  • 1Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

British journal for the history of science
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

科学史正在从以欧洲为中心的视角转变为全球视角. 这种转变揭示了科学.

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Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis
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09:10

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Published on: April 24, 2016

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07:57

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Published on: August 15, 2018

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
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科学领域:

  • 科学的历史科学的历史.
  • 全球科学研究 全球科学研究

背景情况:

  • 科学史领域正在从欧洲重点转变为全球范围.
  • 第二次世界大战后的学术强调了西方科学不可避免的进步和全球作用.
  • 自20世纪70年代以来的文化历史和实验室民族学对这一观点提出了挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 分析科学历史的历史转变,以全球视角来看.
  • 检查地方和偶然的过程,而不是固有的力量,如何塑造全球的科学实践.
  • 了解这种扩大范围对该领域的目标及其与普遍化科学目标的关系的影响.

主要方法:

  • 科学史上的学术趋势的历史分析.
  • 考察理论转变,包括文化历史和实验室民族学的影响.
  • 对全球不同背景 (如西非,美国核心地区) 的科学实践进行比较研究.

主要成果:

  • 科学史的当前全球范围是几十年发展的长期延迟的结果.
  • 科学力量被理解为局部,偶然的过程的产物,而不是固有的优越性.
  • 对称分析对于各种实践是必要的,从经济学和占卜到粒子物理学.

结论:

  • 科学史正在经历必要的全球转变,超越了欧洲中心的观点.
  • 在全球范围内理解科学需要承认其实践的本地和偶然性质.
  • 该领域的全球目标越来越多地与自然科学和社会科学的普遍化趋势产生共,同时也受到批评.