在老年纽约人的结核病发病率和结果
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw1,2, Muriel Silin3, Lisa Trieu1
1Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Disease Control, Long Island City, New York, USA.
Open forum infectious diseases
|March 28, 2025
概括
结核病 (TB) 对纽约市的老年人来说是一个重大问题,死亡风险更高. 长期护理机构的有针对性的预防和早期诊断对于改善这一弱势群体的结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 老年病的医生 老年病的医生
背景情况:
- 关于美国老年人结核病 (TB) 流行病学和结果的数据有限.
- 这项研究通过分析纽约市居民的结核病数据来弥补这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 描述老年成人 (≥65岁) 与年轻成人 (18-64岁) 之间的结核病发病率和患者特征.
- 确定与老年人结核病治疗期间死亡率增加相关的因素.
- 为预防提供信息,并改善结核病老年人的结核病治疗结果.
主要方法:
- 利用了纽约市2001-2022年结核病监测数据.
- 描述了结核病发病率,患者人口统计和治疗结果.
- 采用Cox的比例危险模型来确定与死亡有关的因素.
主要成果:
- 纽约市的结核病发病率从每10万人口中的18例降至7例 (2001-2022年).
- 老年人占结核病例的24% (2011-2020年),其中86%出生在国外,8%居住在长期护理机构.
- 老年人 (65-74岁) 在结核病治疗期间死亡的风险比年轻人 (18-44岁) 高7.19倍.
- 居住在长期护理机构 (HR 2.57) 和同时感染乙型肝炎 (HR 1.86) 增加了老年人死亡风险.
结论:
- 对老年纽约人的结核病预防工作应优先考虑长期护理设施的居民,重点关注潜在结核病的识别和治疗.
- 提供者对早期结核病诊断和共同疾病管理的教育对于减少这一人口群中的传播和死亡率至关重要.
相关概念视频
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...


