在 rhesus 子中早期出现元认知
Yiyun Huang1, Alexandra G Rosati1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Developmental science
|March 28, 2025
概括
年轻的 rhesus 子表现出超认知能力,包括信息搜索,类似于成年人的表现. 这表明基本的元认知在灵长类动物中早期发展,反映了人类婴儿的发育.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 比较心理学比较心理学
- 灵长类动物的行为
背景情况:
- 超认知,即监测和控制自己的知识的能力,对人类认知至关重要.
- 基本的元认知技能存在于人类婴儿身上,并随着时间的推移而发展.
- 虽然动物表现出与元认知相关的认知过程,但它们的发育轨迹仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究 rhesus 子 (Macaca mulatta) 中超认知信息搜索的出现.
- 为了比较青少年和成年子之间的元认知表现.
- 探索灵长类动物和人类之间的元认知的发展平行.
主要方法:
- 一次性信息搜索任务给了不同年龄的半自由行 rhesus 子.
- 给子展示了隐藏和可见的奖励条件,以评估信息搜索的必要性.
- 基于信息搜索频率,机会推断和响应延迟来评估绩效.
主要成果:
- 子在隐藏状态中比在可见的对照中寻找信息更多,这表明它们在适应性搜索信息.
- 青少年子在寻找信息和推断机会方面表现出与成年人相似的能力.
- 子比接近已知的奖励更慢地做出超认知推断,年轻子发现机会的速度更慢.
结论:
- rhesus 子在发育早期表现出成熟的元认知特征,类似于人类婴儿.
- 这表明核心元认知可能在灵长类动物中具有深厚的进化根源.
- 这些发现支持不同物种具有共同发育模式的基础元认知能力的存在.
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