在粮食安全和水质之间取得平衡:对减轻非点源污染的农业管理实践进行建模分析
Aisha Javed1, Carlos Alberto Arnillas1, Ratnajit Saha1
1Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
The Science of the total environment
|March 28, 2025
概括
实施覆盖作物和过带等农业最佳管理实践 (BMP) 可以减少沉积物和流量. 过条是最有效的,显著减少和沉积物出口到淡水资源.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 水资源管理 水资源管理
背景情况:
- 农业强化对全球粮食安全至关重要,但威胁到淡水质量.
- 迫切需要制定战略,减轻农业对淡水资源的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估无耕作系统上堆叠的最佳管理实践 (BMP) 在减少营养和沉积物出口方面的有效性.
- 评估气候变化对农业水域BMP有效性的影响.
主要方法:
- 在安大略省南部的两个农业流域中使用了土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模型.
- 模拟了三个堆叠的BMP:用冬季覆盖作物的作物轮换,减少肥料应用和过带.
- 来自九个通用循环模型 (GCM) 的纳入气候变化预测.
主要成果:
- 用覆盖作物的作物轮换减少了沉积物和颗粒 (PP),但对溶性反应 (SRP) 的影响最小.
- 由于遗留的,降低肥料的使用显示出最小的影响.
- 过条显著减少了SRP (27%),沉积物 (48%) 和PP (52%) 的出口.
- 传统的耕作减少了SRP,但增加了沉积物结合.
- 在气候变化下的总 (TP) 出口违规行为中,BMPs是有效的,但温暖的冬季可能会增加非生长季节的损失.
结论:
- 过带在通过减少和沉积物负载来提高水质方面非常有效.
- 遗留的和气候变化对实现水质目标提出了挑战.
- 综合的BMP对于可持续农业和淡水保护至关重要,但需要适应不断变化的气候条件.
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